www.thenextweb.com just published an interesting article on Finland & Finnish startups. Here:
http://thenextweb.com/europe/2009/10/05/finland-startup-community-cold/
The article is a nicely written wrap-up of what's going on in the Finnish startup scene and how it could be more internationally successful.
Zee, Editor in Chief of The Next Web summarizes the article with:
"From my experience, there are a number of essential ingredients to a (potentially) successful start up ecosystem, engineers, more engineers and a special few entrepreneurs. Fortunately Finland is stacked full of them, and they’re creative too. This, combined with a supportive community, and natural drive towards global success and innovation means Finland does indeed have what it takes to play a more significant role in the international start up scene that it currently gets recognition for."
I say: agreed. The basic elements are there. Yet we could still benefit hugely from a similar structure to what the entrepreneurs have in Israel: a full "tunnel" for successful startups to get funded, helped into conquering markets, and eventually IPO'd or exited big time, if at all possible. The number of Israeli firms in NASDAQ vs the number of Finnish firms in there is staggering. Luckily the Finns are eager to learn and are keeping a keen eye on Israel and other successful hubs of startup activity, trying to figure out ways to repeat the circumstances, ecosystem and eventually the success.
I am being told that Israel got seriously started on their "tunnel for startups" by the government giving out money for top-notch VCs to place in startups and then seriously upping that money when the gains were apparent. Finland hasn't still done anything that dramatic - and maybe something of the sort would be needed to really kickstart a vibrant and active "tunnel" in here as well.
Zee continues:
"That said, the country is still in dire need of more support from its start up ambassadors, the fortunate few who have created a great deal of personal wealth and experience from their own start up successes. From my albeit short time in Finland, it is these role models that can make the difference between mediocrity and supreme international start up recognition."
I'm agreeing with this one as well. Too many Finnish entrepreneurs just disappear from the scene after their first success, or they move entirely abroad. If you take the tradesales and exists and success stories of the past 10 years and start accounting for who is still around and who's not; the picture you paint is pretty obvious. Most them are not around, not angel-funding other startups, not sitting in boards of directors and not starting new companies - certainly not putting their networks and vast experience into good startup-growing use. I can only wonder why? Are we, the entrepreneurs, that satisfied with the first sign of success that it is enough for us to buy a nice car, a nice house and then just disappear from the "scene" all together? Maybe. A lot in Finnish culture drives you to settle down and not to try too much once you have gained a certain standard of living for yourself and your family.
I think most successful entrepreneurs don't do what they do for the money, or for things like standard of living. They do it because they HAVE to do it, because something in their nature DRIVES them to do it. Maybe we just don't have enough of these guys and gals around..

There's also something that can be said about Finnish exists. Here's a very partial list, including only the noteworthy exits that the investors (VCs etc) also made money out of. Please if I am missing something; do leave a comment and I will add it to the list (preferably leave a link to the newspiece on it as well):
IoBox to Terra Mobile in 2000
MatchEm to Mobile Application Holding in 2003 (link in finnish)
Sumea, to Digital Chocolate in 2004
Animoi to Macromedia in 2004
Mr. Goodliving to RealNetworks in 2005
InnoDB to Oracle in 2005
Smartner to Seven in 2005
Hybrid Graphics to Nvidia in 2006
BitBoys to ATI in 2006
Hantro to ON2 in 2007
Jaiku to Google in 2007
Solid to IBM in 2007
Wicom to SAP in 2007 (link to press release in finnish)
MySQL to Sun Microsystems in 2008
First Hop to Airwide Solutions in 2008
Dopplr to Nokia in 2009
Are Finnish startups selling too early and too cheap? Many claim, at least behind closed doors (not publicly), that they indeed are. Exceptions naturally to companies like MySQL who have been quite mature at the time of their transaction. Again: if this were a list of Israeli startups, it would look a lot different.
I am happy to see the "scene" more alive and more internationally connected than ever; but, folks, we still have plenty of work to do before we can claim ourselves to be successful - or ever more work until Finnish society at the general level sees entrepreneurs as champions, or even half-useful. Now entrepreneurs are apparently seen as necessary evil that should not be encouraged: or how else you can explain that the entrepreneur is being taxed more in every instance than a normal employee is taxed? Tax is a way for the government to place disincentives on behavior that the government doesn't want to see more of (for example: the tax on tobacco and smoking); and apparently in Finland this non-wanted behavior includes all entrepreneurial activities.
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Comments
This is a bit off topic but
Mon, 2009-10-05 17:44 — Niko (not verified)This is a bit off topic but it caught my interest. How are entrepreneurs taxed more than normal employees? Having been an entrepreneur for more than 12 years, I feel I've been better off with the same amount of money I would have made working for someone else. And with WAY less work, and way more freedom.
Taxation on entrepreneurs in Finland
Mon, 2009-10-05 20:05 – taneliAn entrepreneur always gets his/her income from the company he/she owns, right?
So all Entrepreneurial income is either taxed as salary + pensions + company's huge share of salary taxes + insurances etc.
OR it is taxed from all profit the company makes AFTER all costs, mandatory bookkeeping, mandatory taxation bookkeeping (which is separate in Finland, AVLs etc), mandatory audit on the company, etc with the corporate gains tax (26%) PLUS the capital gains tax 28% (compounding) on top of this.
..so an Entrepreneur pays either more taxes from salary than an employee ever would, or more taxes from profit than an employee ever would (out of salary). Two choices which both are taxed more heavy than the employee.
Research has shown that when every single non-profitable and struggling entrepreneur is also counted in the cold average taxation % for entrepreneurs in Finland is 34.4%, which is about 6% higher than average among employees. Also Entrepreneurs do in AVERAGE 20% longer work days than employees do. In a more typical case an entrepreneurs tax % is closer to about 40% pretty much despite of the small sums he/she is getting out of the company.
Niko: you might be the exception. Doing shorter days, and perhaps getting a similar enough standard of living. However, remember that putting any of your own expenses into the company's expenses is criminal: so an entrepreneur cannot casually "lighten up" the taxation load by using his/her company to pay for private expenses, for example. All income has to be either salaries or dividends, and both are taxed way more heavily than any tax burden on employees.
Freedom is the part you can't measure in income ;-) and with that I agree: it's more freedom, naturally. Just the way it should be.
However, think about this: the entrepreneur is the one taking all risks. He/she is the one employing others. And as thanks for this risk taking the Finnish society rewards him/her with more heavy taxation than everybody else. Question to politicians is: do you consider this to be fair? It sounds like the opposite of fair, and completely goes against the economics theory of degreasing marginal utility (for example). Those who produce the most should be the most motivated to produce even more - not the opposite, which is the case where this kind of taxation structure leads to.
An addition to your list
Mon, 2009-10-05 20:29 — Juha Frey (not verified)Great post Taneli.
Very much agree with your points: every entrepreneur having the stamina to do it again deserves a round of applause. Not to mention a different set of rewards than the "rewards" of today.
For the list, here's one that meets your criteria:
Wicom to SAP in 2007
http://www.netprofile.fi/fi/tiedotteet?Article=1490
There's a few more deals that could be listed, however I'm uncertain of the extent of actual financial upside...
Cheers,
Juha
Knowledge Exchange visit to Finland
Mon, 2009-10-05 23:09 — ismail (not verified)Hi Taneli,
I read the post over at the Next web, and i will be visiting Finland at the end of October as well. I was selected to be part of a Delegation of South African entrepreneurs who will visit Finland as part of knowledge exchange programme.
The program details are at http://www.safipa.com/
If you have time, i would love to meet you and i am sure some of the other delegates would like to as well. If you can confirm with me via email, and i will send your details to the programme co-ordinator.
Wicom tradesale updated to the list
Tue, 2009-10-06 11:05 – taneliJust updated Wicom tradesale to the list. Thank you.
Excellent post and points
Tue, 2009-10-06 12:24 — Juuso (not verified)After some 7 years of entrepreneurship I can fully attest to this. In Finland it's more like a stigma than a merit - I noticed quite quickly that here being an entrepreneur means you're someone who couldn't get a real job, or just a potentially sociopathic individual preying on the helpless =)
Will I be running another startup in Finland? Most likely not.
Risks and attitudes
Fri, 2009-10-09 10:59 — Vesa (not verified)I can fully agree on what you said about disinsentives. On top of higher taxation you will have to endure tax regulations that can be described random at best. If you happen to be unlucky enough to get auditted for your taxes you may end up in trouble even if everything is done exactly by the book. There are way too many unclear tax regulations and many tax inspectors seem to be just plain envious instead of professional. Entrepreneurs carry more than just normal business risk personally in Finland.
I think that the primary reason why we don't have many second round entrepreneurs with successful exits behind them is general envy fueled atmosphere in Finland. Normal people, media and even the government really dislike self made success. You are really supposed to hide your success and only even somewhat approved way of succeeding is by winning in the lottery. After succeeding once you already know better and don't want to go trough it again. Smart and driven move abroad, some give up and start doing something else and only very stubborn ones continue.
making money and raising money
Fri, 2009-10-09 20:37 — Ilkka O. Lavas (not verified)It is interesting time being an Entrepreneur in startup businesses. Normally you first believe that your company is sucessfull but then someday something happens and you notice that your startup may not make any money with the business idea. I personally separate businesses to "healthy" businesses and "gamblingwithinvestormoney" businesses.
I started Artic.net 1998 with Robert living next door and Lauri and we were supposed to run portal with first free finnish webmail, forums, chat etc. We supposed to run that as a "healthy" business and grow it little by little. Our aim was to sell ads with reasonable price to advertisers. Time was not ready for selling ads on Internet, so I desided to quit and later Artic.net was sold to Spray.se and to Lycos ( http://www.itviikko.fi/internet/2000/09/21/articnet-siirtyy-lycosille/20...).
Taneli: you propably should add that to your list ;)
I have been running startups in "healthy" way since I was 17 and still I have a strong feeling that businesses can only survive when they have strong cash flow. Income has to start sooner or later.
Finnish market is quite small. That's why most companies should start thinging global market immediately or they should go international as soon as possible.
"gamblingwithinvestormoney" -companies are those that has to be sold to someone very fast. Without strong cash flow your business is like sitting in a icy lake and waiting winter to continue forever. You have to sell your company before you have spent all investor money. Well.. you heard story of artic.net... imagine the cash flow.
Well... summa summarum: I like companies with strong cash flow and I want to see more people building successful businesses.
I am nowadays partner in 8 businesses. I love being an entrepreneur.
two more exits
Thu, 2009-10-15 05:39 — Tuomas Pollari (not verified)Hi Taneli,
Two more exits,
IoBox in 2000 to Terra Mobile
http://m.itviikko.fi/?page=showSingleNews&newsID=20012821
MatchEm in 2003 to Mobile Application Holding
http://www.itviikko.com/arkisto/2003/01/22/tv-soveltaja-matchem-myytiin-...
Notable is that IoBox was sold before the burst of Internet bubble and the valuation was very high (1,4 billion FIM = 233 Euros), i guess higher than any of the others in the list.
Tuomas
on the 2 exits
Thu, 2009-10-15 10:49 – taneliThanks Tuomas! Will have to add those to the list. Weird that I forgot them.
Ibox valuation of 233M EUR still gets dwarfed by MySQL 1 Billion USD valuation, yet it was a fairly decent tradesale at the time. I still have 4 freezer magnets on my fridge from Iobox = old school stuff of legend ;) I use them to hold down my two master's diplomas on my fride =) (Master Scuba Diver -certification, and Master of Vodka -diploma from Altia).
The only problem is that
Wed, 2009-10-28 18:48 — Anonymous (not verified)The only problem is that Helsinki is a painfully expensive city to live in. Working with the Finns is definitely a pleasure however, they've got a great working culture that is unsurpassed.
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